![]() ![]() A study reported that the rate of ODD in ADHD children was about 59%. Some of the other symptoms of ODD are easily losing temper, arguing with adults, actively defying requests, refusing to accept rules, deliberately annoying other people and not accepting responsibility for their misbehavior, being touchy, easily annoyed, angry, resentful, spiteful, or vindictive if things do not go their way. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that lasts at least 6 months. These co-morbidities will be included in the current study. In addition, ADHD is usually co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders and it has been recommended that further studies should consider the influence of co-morbid disorders such as ODD and separation anxiety on auditory processing function in ADHD. So, one of the aims of this study was to examine sex differences in auditory processing problem in males and females with ADHD. ADHD girls have a higher prevalence of the inattentive type of ADHD. For example, tactile defensiveness which is reacting negatively to certain touch stimulus is more common in female than male ADHD children. There are some differences for clinical manifestation of ADHD between boys and girls. In fact, differentiation of ADHD and auditory processing problem is a major challenge for professionals. For example, the auditory dysfunctions might be mistaken for a learning disability. ![]() In the presence of ADHD symptoms, auditory difficulties may not be perceived as a problem and it can complicate the patients’ problem. They categorized ADHD children into two subgroups including those with and those without sensory modulation dysfunction. However, children with ADHD are not a homogeneous group. The children with ADHD have greater abnormalities in sensory modulation of dermal stimulus on parent-report measure and this abnormality is highly correlated with measures of psychopathology. Īttention has an important role in the performance on auditory processing. They reported a similarly high rate of co-morbid learning problems in both groups. A study compared 32 children diagnosed with auditory process problems (APD) and 57 non-APD children. Furthermore, many of the verbal cues that children should attend occur in noise and they are distracted in the background noise. Auditory processing is crucial to language comprehension, so hyposensitivity to sounds or under-register of sound might be a reason that parents seek professional help for their inattentive children. It is suggested that identification of underlying specific auditory deficits in children may indicate that what remedial treatment is appropriate. Īuditory processing function is critical for language development. ![]() These difficulties lead to behavioral problems such as poor performance in confusing environments, difficulties in understanding of oral instructions, difficulty attending to what is said, and identification of people's voices. Some of their other deficits are difficulties in sound localization, auditory discrimination, and distractibility. Ĭhildren with auditory processing disorders, despite normal peripheral hearing, are usually uncertain about what they hear and may have difficulties in listening in background noise. It is suggested that methylphenidate may improve impaired auditory information processing in children with ADHD but it does not improve receipt of the information. Children with ADHD-inattentive type are under-aroused and they are not as impulsive as ADHD-impulsive/hyperactive type. The impulsivity and distractibility of children with ADHD may be improved by increasing the predictability of distracting background sounds. There is a continuum of impulsiveness caused by auditory masking in ADHD children. All the types of ADHD were more common in boys than girls. This rate for boys and girls were 13.6% and 6.5%, respectively. A previous study in Iran reported that about 10.1% of the school age children obtained screening cutoff scores for ADHD. A study in Ukraine reported the screening prevalence of ADHD is up to 19.8%. Its three types are predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. ![]()
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